Current: The rate of flow of charge in a circuit. The movement of electrons from negative to positive.
Filament bulb: A light bulb containing a thin wire - a filament - that emits light when current passes through it.
LDR: Light-Dependent Resistor. Resistance decreases as light intensity increases.
LED: Light Emitting Diode. A component that emits light when current flows through in the forward direction. Used in traffic lights, digital clocks, remote controls, etc. No filament that can burn out.
Parallel circuit: A circuit connected with "branches". Voltage is constant over the different branches, but current is split. Allows individual control over components in the circuit.
Resistor: A component that has the sole purpose of opposing and decreasing the current flowing through a circuit.
Series circuit: A circuit where all of the components are connected in one line, and controlled together. Voltage is split across components, but current stays constant.
Thermistor: A resistor dependent on temperature. More heat = Less resistance, Less heat = More resistance. These are useful for temperature detection.
Guide to the most important electrical symbols plus some extra ones:
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